How do you use Hardhat in your development workflow?

I see you've worked with Hardhat for smart contract development. Could you share how you've integrated it into your workflow? What specific features or plugins do you find most valuable?

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你如何在开发工作流程中使用 Hardhat？

我看到你使用 Hardhat 进行智能合约开发。你能分享一下你是如何将它集成到你的工作流程中的吗？你认为哪些特定功能或插件最有价值？

What's your experience with Ethers.js? How does it compare to Web3.js?

You mentioned using Ethers.js for blockchain data interaction. Could you talk about your experience with it? Have you also used Web3.js, and if so, how would you compare them?

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你使用 Ethers.js 的经验是什么？它与 Web3.js 相比如何？

你提到使用 Ethers.js 进行区块链数据交互。你能谈谈你使用它的经验吗？你是否也使用过 Web3.js，如果是，你如何比较它们？

How would you debug a failed transaction on the Ethereum blockchain?

When I'm debugging a failed transaction, I start by looking at the transaction hash on Etherscan or another block explorer. This usually gives me the basic details about what went wrong - like an "out of gas" error or a reverted transaction.

For more complex issues, I use Hardhat's console.log functionality during development. It's really useful because you can add logging statements right in your Solidity code and see the output during transactions, even for complex operations.

If I'm dealing with a production issue, I'll try to reproduce the failure locally using tools like Hardhat or Foundry. I'll set up a fork of the mainnet at that specific block and replay the transaction to see exactly what's happening.

I also rely on Tenderly for production debugging. It gives you a full stack trace and shows you exactly where and why the transaction reverted, which is super helpful.

Sometimes the issue is related to transaction parameters, like insufficient gas or incorrect input data. In these cases, I check the function signature, input encoding, and gas limits.

For more subtle bugs, I might analyze the contract state before and after the transaction using archive nodes, or look at events that were emitted up to the failure point.

The key is having good monitoring and logging in place so you can quickly identify and reproduce issues when they happen.

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你会如何调试以太坊区块链上失败的交易？

当我调试失败的交易时，首先会在Etherscan或其他区块浏览器上查看交易哈希。这通常能提供关于出错原因的基本信息 - 比如"gas不足"错误或交易被回滚。

对于更复杂的问题，我在开发过程中使用Hardhat的console.log功能。这非常有用，因为你可以直接在Solidity代码中添加日志语句，并在交易期间看到输出，即使是复杂操作也能看到。

如果我处理的是生产环境中的问题，我会尝试使用Hardhat或Foundry等工具在本地重现失败。我会设置特定区块的主网分叉并重放交易，以准确了解发生了什么。

我还依赖Tenderly进行生产调试。它提供完整的堆栈跟踪，并准确显示交易在哪里以及为什么被回滚，这非常有帮助。

有时问题与交易参数有关，如gas不足或输入数据不正确。在这些情况下，我会检查函数签名、输入编码和gas限制。

对于更微妙的bug，我可能会使用归档节点分析交易前后的合约状态，或查看在失败点之前发出的事件。

关键是要有良好的监控和日志记录，这样当问题发生时可以快速识别和重现问题。

How do you test your smart contracts?

I believe in a comprehensive testing strategy that combines different types of tests. First, I write unit tests for individual functions using frameworks like Hardhat with Chai or Truffle. These test the basic functionality in isolation.

For more complex interactions, I write integration tests that verify how different contracts work together. These might simulate multi-step processes like staking tokens and then claiming rewards.

I also use property-based testing with tools like Echidna or Foundry's invariant testing. Instead of specific test cases, these tools generate random inputs to try to break invariants - conditions that should always hold true in your contract.

For critical contracts, I'll write formal verification specs with tools like Certora. This mathematically proves certain properties of your contract, which gives much stronger guarantees than traditional testing.

Scenario testing is also important - I'll create test scenarios that mimic real-world usage patterns and edge cases. This might include things like simulating high network congestion or price volatility.

And of course, I always deploy to testnets before mainnet. This lets me see how the contracts behave in a more realistic environment and catch any integration issues with external systems.

After deployment, I keep monitoring the live contracts for any unexpected behavior. No matter how thorough your testing is, there's always a chance of finding issues in production, so you need to stay vigilant.

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你如何测试你的智能合约？

我相信综合测试策略，结合不同类型的测试。首先，我使用Hardhat与Chai或Truffle等框架为单个函数编写单元测试。这些测试在隔离环境中测试基本功能。

对于更复杂的交互，我编写集成测试来验证不同合约如何一起工作。这些可能模拟多步骤流程，如质押代币然后领取奖励。

我还使用Echidna或Foundry的不变量测试等工具进行基于属性的测试。这些工具不是使用特定的测试用例，而是生成随机输入，尝试打破不变量 - 这些是你的合约中应该始终保持真实的条件。

对于关键合约，我会使用Certora等工具编写形式化验证规范。这从数学上证明了合约的某些属性，比传统测试提供更强的保证。

场景测试也很重要 - 我会创建模拟真实世界使用模式和边缘情况的测试场景。这可能包括模拟高网络拥塞或价格波动等情况。

当然，我总是在部署到主网之前先部署到测试网。这让我可以在更现实的环境中观察合约的行为，并发现与外部系统的任何集成问题。

部署后，我持续监控实际运行的合约是否有任何意外行为。无论你的测试多么彻底，总有可能在生产环境中发现问题，所以你需要保持警惕。