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将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Continuous) ​

past -------- now -------- future point -------- future

                             ↑
            到将来某时间点为止一直在进行的动作

这种时态用于描述从现在开始到将来某个时间点一直持续的动作。

语法形式 ​

将来完成进行时的构成是：主语 + will have been + 动词的现在分词（V-ing）

  • 肯定句：主语 + will have been + 动词的现在分词

    • I will have been working.
    • She will have been studying.

  • 否定句：主语 + will not have been + 动词的现在分词

    • I will not (won't) have been working.
    • She will not (won't) have been studying.

  • 疑问句：Will + 主语 + have been + 动词的现在分词？

    • Will you have been working?
    • Will she have been studying?

应用场景 ​

1. 持续到将来某时的动作 ​

用于描述从过去或现在开始，一直持续到将来某个时间点的动作。

示例：

  • By next month, I will have been working here for ten years. (到下个月，我将已经在这里工作十年了。)
  • By the time he retires, he will have been teaching for 30 years. (到他退休时，他将已经教书30年了。)

2. 强调动作的持续性和结果 ​

用于强调动作的持续性以及这种持续对将来某个时间点造成的影响。

示例：

  • I will have been studying all day, so I'll be tired tonight. (我将整天都在学习，所以今晚会很累。)
  • By 6 PM, it will have been raining for 24 hours. (到下午6点，将已经下了24小时的雨了。)

3. 表示预期的持续性活动 ​

用于描述预期会持续到将来某个时间点的活动。

示例：

  • By the time you arrive, I will have been waiting for two hours. (等你到达时，我将已经等了两个小时。)
  • Next week, we will have been living here for five years. (下周，我们将已经在这里住了五年。)

与其他时态的对比 ​

将来完成进行时 vs 将来完成时 ​

将来完成进行时强调动作的持续过程，而将来完成时强调动作的完成状态。

示例：

  • I will have finished the book by tomorrow. (将来完成时 - 强调完成)
  • I will have been reading the book for three hours by tomorrow. (将来完成进行时 - 强调持续)

将来完成进行时 vs 现在完成进行时 ​

将来完成进行时是以将来某个时间点为参照点，而现在完成进行时是以现在为参照点。

示例：

  • I have been working here for five years. (现在完成进行时 - 到现在为止)
  • By next year, I will have been working here for six years. (将来完成进行时 - 到明年为止)

常见用法和例句 ​

1. 与时间表达搭配 ​

常与以下时间表达搭配使用：

  • by + 将来时间点
  • for + 时间段
  • since + 过去时间点

示例：

  • By December, I will have been studying English for two years.
  • Next month, they will have been dating for a year.

2. 表示持续的影响 ​

用于描述持续动作对将来某个时间点的影响：

  • My eyes will be tired because I will have been looking at the screen all day.
  • The ground will be wet because it will have been raining all night.

3. 描述长期活动 ​

用于描述长期持续的活动：

  • By 2025, scientists will have been researching this disease for 20 years.
  • Next summer, we will have been running this business for a decade.

注意事项 ​

  1. 不是所有动词都适合用于进行时态：

    • ❌ I will have been knowing him for five years.
    • ✔️ I will have known him for five years.

  2. 将来完成进行时通常需要一个明确的时间参照点：

    • ✔️ By next week, I will have been working on this project for a month.
    • ❌ I will have been working on this project. (缺少时间参照)

  3. 在时间状语从句中，要用现在完成进行时而不是将来完成进行时：

    • When I have been working (不是 will have been working) here for ten years, I will get a promotion.
    • After she has been studying (不是 will have been studying) for three hours, she will take a break.